Leenders library

It is every wood stove owner’s nightmare: a chimney fire. Unfortunately, it happens more often than many people think. The most recent figures show that in the UK there are on average five chimney fires per day. That number needs to come down. In this knowledge article, you will read how a chimney fire starts and how you can prevent it. We also explain how to recognise a chimney fire and what to do if one occurs.

How does a chimney fire start

In a properly functioning chimney, smoke from the fire is safely carried outside. Problems arise when too much creosote builds up on the inside of the flue. Creosote is a sticky, highly flammable deposit that forms during incomplete combustion. Creosote can ignite. The result is a chimney fire. Sometimes with fierce flames, sometimes smouldering quietly, but always dangerous.

How do you recognise a chimney fire

Not every chimney fire is dramatic. Sometimes you hardly notice it. Pay attention to these warning signs.

• A loud roaring or sucking sound from the chimney, as if a storm is rushing through.
• Sparks or flames shooting out of the top of the chimney.
• A strong smell of burning inside the house.
• Smoke in the living room while the fire appears to be burning normally.
• The stove or fireplace suddenly draws poorly.

What to do in case of a chimney fire

Stay calm, but act immediately

• Call 999. The fire brigade is trained for these situations and knows exactly what to do.
• Close the air supply to the appliance. Less oxygen means less fire. With a wood stove, close the air control or damper. With an open fireplace, use a spark guard and close the flue damper if possible and safe.
• Open doors and windows in the house to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Do not use water. Pouring water onto a hot flue can cause explosive steam formation and lead to more damage.
• Leave the house if it feels unsafe. Smoke development or excessive heat means you should go outside and wait for the fire brigade.

Even if you are unsure whether your chimney is on fire, we always advise calling 999. A false alarm is far better than damage to your home or worse.

Will a chimney fire go out by itself

No, a chimney fire usually does not go out on its own. Even if the flames extinguish themselves, temperatures in the flue can rise to 1000 degrees Celsius. That is hot enough to ignite pipes, walls or insulation materials. Permanent damage to the chimney or stove can also occur. Always have the chimney inspected, first by the fire brigade and afterwards by a specialist.

Chimney fire and insurance

A chimney fire is usually covered by your building insurance, but be aware that many insurers set conditions. Annual chimney sweeping is often required. The use of good, dry firewood may also be taken into account. No maintenance report can make compensation difficult. Ask your insurer what they expect and keep proof of maintenance.

Preventing a chimney fire

Prevention is easier than extinguishing. A few simple tips

• Have your chimney swept annually by a certified chimney sweep.
• Use only dry, clean firewood. Damp wood causes extra smoke and therefore more creosote.
• Do not burn too slowly. A lazy fire may seem cosy, but it produces much more soot.
• Ensure sufficient air supply. Incomplete combustion leads to more deposits.
• Regularly check the inside of the flue. If in doubt, have an inspection carried out.